Do people generally speak English, or will I struggle without speaking Montenegrin?

English proficiency in Montenegro varies significantly by location and context.  

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Where English works well:

• Coastal towns (Tivat, Kotor, Budva, Herceg Novi) and tourist zones—most businesses, restaurants, and services cater to international visitors
• Real estate agents, lawyers, notaries, and accountants serving foreign clients typically speak good English
• International schools and expat-oriented coworking spaces operate in English
• Younger Montenegrins (under 40) generally have functional to strong English, especially in urban areas  
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Where it's more challenging:

• Government offices, municipal services, and utility companies—staff may have limited English
• Hospitals and clinics outside major private facilities may require translation support
• Rural areas and smaller inland towns—English is rare, and Montenegrin or Serbian/Croatian is essential
• Tradespeople (electricians, plumbers, builders) often work primarily in Montenegrin
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Practical approach:

• You can manage daily life in coastal areas with English, especially if you have a local agent or lawyer to help with bureaucracy
• Learning basic Montenegrin phrases significantly improves your experience and integration
• Translation apps and hiring occasional translators bridge most gaps  

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Most expats report that English alone is workable for the first 6-12 months, but learning Montenegrin opens doors socially and practically.